Fighter, p.31
Fighter, page 31
armament (G.B.); cannon, 88–9, 190; machine guns, 64, 71, 72, 74, 75, 81, 85, 87–90, 145–6, 161, 201–2, 231, 274
Australia/Australians, 49, 107, 270–1, 270 n.
Auxiliary Air Force (AAF), 49–51, 127, 176, 182; Women’s Auxiliary Air Force (WAAF), 216, 228
Bader, Sq. Ldr. Douglas, xxiv, 146–7, 213–16, 246, 252, 259–60, 266, 280
Ball, Albert, 141
balloon barrages, 47, 57, 167, 169, 183, 190, 203, 250
Bär, Heinz (‘Pritzl’), 177, 239
Battle of Britain: Air Ministry: official account, 280; post-mortem discussion, 259–61; battlefield map xxv; Phase One, xvii, 139, 140–79; map 153, 168, 171; Phase Two, xx, 35, 139, 140, 150, 179–212; map 181, 195; Phase Three, 139, 212–43; map 215; Phase Four, 139, 243–53; map 244; comparisons, 117–36
Baumbach, Oberlt. Werner, 226–7
Bawdsey radar station, xxiv, 101, 105–6
Bayerische Flugzeugwerke (Bavarian Aircraft Works), 23, 76
Beaverbrook, Lord, 143; Minister of Aircraft Production, xviii–xix, 36, 55, 118, 163–4, 210, 276; and Air Ministry, 163–5, 259, 276; and CRO, 163, 164, 165, 193
Belgium: German invasion and occupation, 115, 117, 171, 226–7; pilots in RAF, 269
Bentley Priory, see under Royal Air Force Fighter Command-structure
Benz, Karl, 91
Berlin: air raids, 218, 243, 258
Biggin Hill airfield, 106, 150, 153, 154, 157, 171, 203–4, 227, 228, 233, 234, 235, 281
‘big-wing’ tactics, xviii, xxii, 146, 198, 206, 213–14, 216, 246, 249, 250, 252, 260, 280, 281
biplanes, 15, 22–3, 61–5, 66, 71, 73 n, 74; Germany, 21, 25–6, 28, 77, 151; Great Britain, 29, 44, 71, 73, 74, 75, 78, 83, 84; see also World War, First
Bishop, William A., 175
Blériot, Louis, 42, 66, 140
Boelcke, Oswald, 141
Borner, Werner, 145
Boulton Paul Defiant, 47, 135, 150–1
Brauchitsch, Hauptmann Berndt von, 191, 195
Breit, Gregory, 98
Brickhill, Paul, 214, 246, 260
Bristol Blenheim, 171, 185–6, 201, 205, 221–2
Bristol Bulldog, 73
British Expeditionary Force, see Dunkirk (Fr.)
Browning (Colt-Browning), see armament (G.B.), machine guns
Butement, W. A. S., 107
Bühligen, Kurt, 177
Bülow-Bothcamp, Harry von, 178, 271
Camm, Sydney 62, 73, 74, 75, 78, 86 see also Hawker Fury
Canada/Canadians 49, 126, 146, 232, 269, 270, 270n
Carey, Group Capt. Frank 174–5
Catterick airfield 195, 198
Churchill, Winston S., 3, 4, 30, 165, 261 n.; aid to France 55, 56; air strategy and RAF, xviii, 4, 165, 258, 261 and n., 276, 277 n; Battle of Britain, xxii, 4, 139, 252, 258; Berlin bombing, 218, 258; and Dowding, 49, 55, 56, 136, 252, 261 and n.; Hitler’s peace offer, 3–4, 8; invasion of England (‘Sea-lion’), 33, 36, 247; War Cabinet, 3, 4, 36, 56, 261 n
Ciano, Count Galeazzo, 31
Civilian Repair Organisation (CRO), 162, 163, 164, 165
Coventry: air raid, 259 and n.
Croydon airfield, 203, 223, 233, 237, 250
Curtiss F8C (Helldiver), 22–3, 27, 121
Czech pilots (in RAF), 176, 252, 268, 269–70
Daimler, Gottlieb, 91, 97
Daimler-Benz (engines): DB 600, 73, 119; DB 601, 67, 81, 91, 119, 120, 122
Darley, Sq. Ldr. George, 204
Debden airfiled, 171, 213, 223, 245
Deere, Flt. Lt. Al, 142 n., 142–4, 156, 186, 205, 235
Denmark: German invasion and occupation, 114, 116, 135, 194, 198, 199, 226, 261
Detling airfield, 191–2
Diechmann, Oberst Paul, 195, 196
Diesel, Rudolf, 91
Donovan, William J. (‘Wild Bill’), 159, 279
Dornier (aircraft company), 73, 119
Dornier Do 17, xxiv, 20–1, 27, 88, 118–19, 120, 122, 129, 144, 146, 153, 154, 162, 185, 189, 190, 194, 196, 202, 223, 225, 227, 233, 241–2
Dornier Do 215 119
Dornier Do X, 19
Dornier Wal, 18
Douglas DC1 73
Douhet, Gen. Giulio, xvi, 37–8, 54, 257, 263
Dover: radar station, 102, 182
Dowding, Air Chief Marshal Sir Hugh, xvii–xix, xxii, 41–8, 213, 260; Air Council, 44, 45, 96, 261; Air Ministry, xvii, xxi, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48, 51, 135–6, 158, 259–61, 261 n., 280; Battle of Britain, 117, 156, 163, 165, 261, 264; actions criticised, xxi, 47–8, 259–60, 261; Phase One, 147, 158, 165, 166, 167, 170, 172, 173; Phase Two, 180, 198, 199, 204, 210; Phase Three, 226, 235–6, 237, 241; Phase Four, 243, 244, 246, 249, 250, 252; and Churchill, 49, 55, 56, 136, 252, 261 and n.; and Leigh-Mallory, 43, 46, 213, 214, 246, 248, 249–50, 281; and radar, 44–5, 96, 104, 106, 260; RAF Fighter Command, Commander in Chief, xvii, 45, 47, 48, 106, 123 n; concentration on defence, xviii, xxii, 46, 47, 51, 52, 55, 128, 2260; relieved of command, xxii, 49, 259–61 and n.; retirement, 135–6
Drem airfield, 195, 198
Driffield airfield, 198, 199
Dunkirk (Fr.), 35, 46, 99, 132, 166, 186
Dunkirk (Kent): radar station, 182, 183, 235
Duxford airfield, 215, 237, 260
‘Eagle Attack’ (Adlerangriff), xx, 34, 35, 139, 140, 150, 179–181, 195, 212;
Eastchurch airfield, 191, 192, 196, 215
Eder, Georg-Peter, 177
engines, 25, 63–4, 66–71, 72, 73, and n., 75, 78, 79, 80, 82, 84, 86, 89, 91, 93; see also Daimler-Benz; Jumo; Rolls-Royce
Enigma, 31, 33, 243, 258 n.
Falck, Col. Wolfgang, 152 n.
Feary, Sgt. Allan, 175
Fink. Oberst Johannes, 140–1, 144, 185, 189–90, 191, 194, 216, 223, 245
Focke-Wulf FW 44, 21
Focke-Wulf FW 190 82, 282
Focke-Wulf FW 200, xxiv, 206
Ford, Henry, 165
France: engine design 67, 70, 73, 82; German invasion and occupation, xvi, xviii, xix, xxi, 3, 6, 7–8, 9, 30, 31, 33, 54–6, 57, 99, 132, 261; Luftwaffe, 54, 55, 124, 132, 140, 149, 153, 231; RAF, 54–7, 92, 118, 134, 146, 172, 176, 231; see also Dunkirk (Fr.)
Frantisek, Sgt. Josef, 176–7, 268, 271
French air force, xvi, xviii, 53; First World War, 24, 66, 70, 141; pilots in RAF, 269, 270 n.
French navy, xxi, 30
Galland, Maj. Adolf (‘Dolfo’), x, 19, 28–9, 93, 151–2, 191, 270–1, 273, 275, 278, 281: Battle of Britain, 151–2, 152 n, 153, 154, 160–1, 208, 209, 225–6; caricature of, by Udet, 155; Spanish Civil War, 28–9, 152, 160, 141, 273
George VI, King, 52, 142, 257
German army, 7, 278; Belgium and Netherlands, 37, 127, 261–2; Denmark and Norway, 9, 131; Luftwaffe support, 37, 135, 151, 270; Poland, 9, 38, 53, 261; ‘Sea-lion’, xx, 3, 7, 32; see also France. German invasion and occupation
German Army Air Service, see World War, First
German navy, viii, xvi, xx, 29–31, 53, 98, 275; Battle of Britain, 157, 167, 168; ‘Sea-lion’, xx, 7, 30, 31–6, 140
Gleave, Wing Comm. Tom, 229–32, 234, 240
Gloster Gladiator, 29, 84
Gnome engine, 66, 67
Göring, Reiclismarschall Hermann, xx, 99, 132, 209; Battle of Britain, 128, 129, 212, 225–6, 238, 242, 243, 244, 259, 264, 272, 281; ‘Eagle Attack’, xx, 7, 15, 35, 37, 38, 139, 187–8, 189, 194–5, 196, 200, 207–9, 210; London bombing, 243, 244; and Hitler, 10, 12, 13, 14, 134, 282; Luftwaffe (and Air Ministry), 11, 20, 27, 113, 122, 124, 125, 126, 128, 281; destroyer wings, 122, 209; Douhet’s theories, 37, 38, 54; and Milch, 10, 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 24, 26, 129, 131, 132, 282; train (‘Asia’), xxiv, 14–15, 190, 244; and Udet, 22, 23, 24, 129, 131, 281, 282
Goshawk II engine, 84
Gravesend airfield, 171, 228
Grey, C. G., 124
Guderian, Generaloberst Heinz, 7–8, 9, 35, 54
Guynemer, Charles, 24, 141
Hahn, Ober.lt., 237
Halder, Franz, 34
Halifax, Lord, xix, 3–4, 279
Harth, Friedrich, 76
Handrick, Maj. Gotthardt, 191
Hawker Aircraft Ltd., 73
Hawker Fury, 29, 64, 74, 75, 78, 83
Hawker Hart, 51
Hawker Hurricane, see Hurricane
Hawkinge airfield, 151, 181, 183, 196, 202, 244
Heinkel, Ernst, 24, 25–6, 77, 120
Heinkel He 45, 151
Heinkel He 51, 27, 28, 151, 273
Heinkel He 59, 142
Heinkel He 70, 25, 82, 86
Heinkel He 111, ix, 27, 28, 119–20, 122, 194, 196, 197, 222, 227, 234
Heinkel He 112, 25, 26, 77–8
Heinkel He 115, 150, 196
Henschel Hs 123, 151
Henson, William Samuel: engine
Hertz, Heinrich Rudolf, 97
Hess, Rudolf, 77
HF/DF (high-frequency direction-finding), 97, 109–10, 111
Hillary, Pilot Off. Richard, 239–40
Hitler, Adolf, 8–10, 26, 134, 152, 262, 282; and Great Britain, xix, xx, xxi, 3–4, 8, 31, 47, 243, 278; ‘Eagle Attack’, xx, 140, 262 and n.; ‘Sea-lion’, xx, xxi, 7, 31, 33, 34, 35, 140, 264; and Luftwaffe, 13, 20, 125, 129, 243, 262, and n., 282; and Göring, 10, 12, 13, 14, 134, 282; territory occupied, 5, 6, 262–3; titles and command, 5, 10, 20, 34, 261; and U.S.S.R., 3, 5; invasion of, xix, xxi, 253, 262 and n., 283
Hoare, Sir Samuel, 3
Home Guard, xx–xxi, 247
Hornchurch airfield, 29, 52, 142, 223, 234, 235, 239, 241, 245, 260
Hurricane, 51, 55, 62, 73, 73 n., 74, 75, 84, 86; advantages and disadvantages, 48, 75, 86, 92, 123, 202, 203, 268; armament, 75–6, 89, 92, 93, 190; in combat, 52, 54, 55, 56, 144, 146, 151, 152, 154, 157, 161, 164, 169, 171, 172, 198, 201, 202, 227, 228, 229, 245–6, 249, 250; development of, 29, 44, 73, 74, 75–6, 92–3; production of, 118, 164, 211
Huth, Oberstlt. Joachim, 178, 189
IFF, 53, 105–6, 108
Inskip, Sir Thomas, xvi, xvii
intelligence (Ger.), 193, 235, 252; Admiralty code broken, 29; Luftwaffe, 172, 187, 188, 183, 196, 225, 248, 264; Signals Service monitoring, 180–1, 189–90; see also reconnaissance
intelligence (G.B.), 84, 246–7, 252; Committees, 247; Enigma code broken, 31–3, 243, 258 n.; RAF, 154, 179, 218, 221, 228; Y service monitoring, 180, 249; invasion of England, see ‘Sea-lion’
Ireland/Irish, 7, 269, 270 n.
Italy, xv, xvi, xxi, 6, 25, 68, 128, 213
Japan, xv, xvi, 7, 73 n., 98, 280 Jeschonnek, Generaloberst Hans, 226
jet planes, 63–4 n., 68, 77, 177, 278, 282
Jodl, Gen. Alfred, xix, 7, 9
Johnson, Air Vice-Marshal ‘Johnnie’, 50, 260, 270 n
Jumo: engines, 210, 78, 81; 211, 120
Junkers, Hugo, 15–20, 72–3
Junkers aircraft company, 15, 16, 17, 121
Junkers F-13, 15
Junkers Ju 52/3m, 19, 20, 26, 27, 28, 99, 128, 272
Junkers Ju 87, 23, 27, 28, 29, 84, 121–2, 168, 169, 172, 183, 191–2, 194, 195, 196, 199, 200, 204–5, 207
Junkers Ju 88 x, 120, 121, 157, 162, 183, 184, 185, 186, 190, 198–9, 200–1, 226, 227, 235
Kain, Fit. Off. E. J. (‘Cobber’), 134
Keitel, Feldmarschall Wilhelm, 9, 34, 278 n.
Kelly, David, 3
Kenley airfield, 148, 157, 171, 227, 233, 236, 240, 241, 281
Kennedy, Joseph, 158–9, 279
Kent, Sq. Ldr. J. A. (‘Johnny’), 126–7, 250–1
Keough, V. C. (‘Shorty’), 178–9
Kesselring, Feldmarschall Albert, 10, 115, 128, 132–3, 208; Air Fleet 10, 129, 133, 281; Battle of Britain, 154, 157, 186–7, 190, 196, 212, 215, 217, 232, 235, 238, 239, 241, 242, 243, 252; caricature of, by Udet, 133
Knickebein, 221, 222, 264
Koller, Oberst Karl, 257
Kuhnold, Rudolf, 98, 101
Lacey, Sgt. ‘Ginger’, 50, 176, 229
Langley, Samuel Pierpont, 63, 67
Leathart, Sq. Ldr. J. A., 216
Leigh-Mallory, Air Vice-Marshal Trafford, 43, 195, 198, 215, 248; and Dowding, 43, 46, 213, 214, 246, 249–50, 261; and Park, 46, 198, 212–13, 214–15, 245, 246, 260; RAF Fighter Command: Commander in Chief, 280; 11 Group, 261, 280, 281; 12 Group, 46, 168, 195, 198, 212–13, 215, 227, 239, 246, 248, 249–50
Liddell-Hart, Capt. Basil, 48–9
Lilienthal, Otto, 62, 76
Lindemann, Frederick, 276–7, 277 n.
Lloyd George, David, 3, 163
Loerzer, Gen. Bruno, 11, 194, 195, 243
London: air raids, 139, 217–18, 243–53, 257–8, 263; expectation of and defence, 38, 46, 52, 190, 217–18, 242, 250, 263
Looker, Pilot Off. D. J., 202–3
Lorenz blind-landing system, 219, 221
Ludendorff, Gen. Erich, 9
Lufthansa, 18–19, 20, 77, 131, 177
Luftwaffe:
aircraft, major kinds of, 20–1, 117–23
aircraft design and production, xxi, 20–1; armour plate, 92, 119, 120, 122, 145, 165, 231, 272, 275; fuel tanks, 145, 197, 272–4, 275
air crews, 48, 105, 114, 119, 120, 122, 123–4, 125
army, support for, 37, 135, 151, 270
Battle of Britain, plans for, xx, xxi, 115, 262–3
bombers, xx, 37, 115, 116, 118, 119–120, 145, 198, 202, 203, 208–9, 212, 238; dive bombers, 23, 24, 27, 28, 77, 114, 120, 121, 130, 132, 157, 158, 168, 169, 184, 191, 195–6, 207; night bombing, xxi, 114, 120, 149, 192, 253, 258, 264, 275, 281; Schnellbomber concept, 27; see also armament (Ger.); Dornier Do 17; Heinkel He 111; Junkers Ju 87; Junkers Ju 88; radio and electronics (Ger.)
bombs, 113, 122, 128, 144, 181, 182, 183, 184, 197–8, 219, 226
casualties and losses, 122, 126, 132, 134, 150, 154, 166, 190, 199, 200, 207, 212, 237, 239, 242, 243, 263, 264–8
Denmark and Norway, German invasion and occupation, 135
fighter-bombers (jabos), 130, 182–5, 194
fighters, 116, 117, 123, 209, 270, 272–3, 278; as bomber escort, 116, 122, 142, 144, 189, 201, 206, 207, 208, 209, 212, 223, 227, 232, 233, 235, 239, 242, 245, 272, 273, 274; jets, 77, 177, 278, 282; see also fighter-bombers above; Messerschmitt Bf 109; Messerschmitt Bf 110
forced landings and parachute descents, 48, 237, 247; see also prisoners of war
below, rescue
formations and tactics, 28, 116, 123, 139, 142, 148–9, 150, 151, 187–8, 192, 198, 200, 207, 210, 211, 212, 223, 228, 235–6, 238, 244, 263–4, 268, 281
France, invasion of, 53, 124, 132, 140, 152, 156, 232
idea of, and development, 16, 21, 22, 27–9
intelligence, 172, 187, 188, 183, 196, 225, 248, 264; see also reconnaissance; Signals Service below
morale, 134, 160, 199, 238, 241, 253
Netherlands, invasion of, 38, 132, 218
paratroops, xix–xx, 114, 132
pilots, 51, 123, 232, 237, 268; commanders, 149 n., 209 n.; medals and awards, 131, 160, 177, 178, 271, 281; NCO, 177; training, 18, 28, 72, 123–4
Poland, invasion of, 53, 122, 124, 140, 151, 156, 232
radar, see radar (Ger.)
radio and electronics, see radio and electronics (Ger.)
reconnaissance, 114, 115, 195, 196; mine-laying, 106, 149, 264; photo, 119, 189, 191; weather, xxiv, 146, 166, 168, 172, 180, 188–9
shipping, attacks on, see shipping Signals Service, 30, 140, 183–4, 187, 227
Spain, Civil War, see Spain and U.S.S.R., xxi, 28, 236 see also Air Ministry (Ger.); rescue
Luftwaffe—command.
Air Fleets (Luftftotten), 102, 114n., 114–115, 167, 172; commanders, 28, 116, 128–34
Air Fleet 1, 116
Air Fleet 2 10, 116, 128, 130, 131, 133, 150, 160, 168, 218, 244
Air Fleet 3 8, 10, 116, 128, 133, 208, 212, 221–2
Air Fleet 4, 115, 116
Air Fleet 5, 115, 116, 131, 149, 195, 196, 198, 199, 208, 243, 247
Erprobungsgruppe (ErprGr) 210, 181–3, 194, 228, 233, 235, 262
Geschwader, xxiv, 115, 115 n, 116, 125, 141, 144, 152 n, 162, 169, 177, 183
Gruppe, 115 and n., 116, 152 n., 209 n.
Jagdgescliwader (JG; fighters), 115 and n.
JG 1, 152 n.
JG 2 (Richthofen). 176–7, 178, 190, 271
JG 3 (Udet), 141, 225, 237
JG 26 (Schlageter), 115, 152, 153, 154, 178, 191, 225
JG 27, 152, 162, 169, 232
JG 51 (Mölders), 141, 144, 151, 160, 162, 177, 178, 225, 239
JG 52, 154, 157, 182, 225
JG 53 (Pik As). 183, 192
JG 54 (Grünherz), 201, 225, 236
Kampfgeschwader (KG; bombers), 115 n.; Condor Legion, 258
KG 1, 125
KG 2 (Holzhammer), 140, 144, 162, 185, 189, 190, 196, 197, 223, 243, 245
KG 3 (Blitz), 196, 239
KG 4, 162
KG 26 (Lowen), 196–7, 243
KG 30 (Adler), 198, 226, 243
KG 51 (Edelweiss), 162, 183–4
KG 54 (Totenkopf), 190, 191
Kampfgruppe (KGr) 100 xxiv, 193, 219, 222, 258
Küstenfliegergruppe, 149, 196
Lehrgeschwader (LG), 168
LG 1, 191, 192, 195
Schlachtgeschwader, 151
Staffel, 115 n., 152 n., 209 n.
Stukageschwader (StG) 1, 122, 196
StG 2, 192
Zerstörergeschwader (ZG), 108, 158–62, 181, 237
ZG 2, 183, 191
ZG 26 (Horst Vessel), 189, 225
ZG 76, 178, 183, 196, 225, 227, 241
Lympne airfield, 181, 183, 196
McGrath, Fit. Lt., 92
McKellar, Fit. Lt., 176 n., 268
Mackenzie King, W. L., 49
Malan, Adolphus (‘Sailor’), 156, 159–60, 161, 173–4, 178, 190
Mamedoff, Pilot Off. Andy, 178, 233–4
Manly, Charles M., 63, 67
Manston airfield, 143, 153, 161, 171, 185, 186, 205, 216, 217
Marconi, Guglielmo, 97
Martini, Generalmajor Wolfgang, 180
Martlesham airfield, 144, 171
Mayne, Warrent Officer Ernie, 174
Merlin engine, see Rolls-Royce
Messerschmitt, Willy Emil, 23–4, 62, 76–9, 81, 82, 278, 282
Messerschmitt A. G., 23 n., 76
Messerschmitt Bf 108, 78, 83, 130
Messerschmitt Bf 109, 26, 29, 62, 82, 122–3, 130, 135, 239, 270–1, 272–5; advantages and disadvantages, 27, 65, 79–82, 88, 93–5, 154, 201–2, 209, 210, 231; armament, 79, 79 n., 80, 81, 87–8, 231; in combat, 28, 29, 142, 150, 153, 154, 157, 158, 168, 172, 173, 175, 182, 183, 184–5, 199, 201–2, 203, 207, 208, 209, 210, 215, 218, 223, 225, 227, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 237, 239, 251, 272–3; development of, 23 and n., 24, 25, 79, 80, 81–2; production of, 118, 278, 282
