Agents of influence, p.34
Agents of Influence, page 34
6 Thomas F. Troy, Wild Bill and Intrepid (New Haven & London: Yale University Press, 1996), p. 6
Chapter 45
1 Christof Mauch, transl. Jeremiah M. Riemer, The Shadow War Against Hitler (New York: Columbia University Press, 2003), p. 233
2 Joseph E. Persico, Roosevelt’s Secret War (New York: Random House, 2001), p. 114
3 Douglas C. Waller, Wild Bill Donovan (New York: Free Press, 2010), p. 76
4 SOE Survey of Global Activities, November 1941, HS 7/222
5 Brendan Bracken to Anthony Eden, 13 November 1941, FO 954/24A/35
6 SOE Survey of Global Activities, November 1941, HS 7/222
7 Hugh Dalton to Bracken, 24 October 1941, FO/954/24A/20
8 SOE Survey of Global Activities, November 1941, HS 7/222
9 Admiral Raeder, 13 November 1941, Documents on German Foreign Policy, 1918–1945, Series D, Vol. 13, p. 779
10 Gerhard L. Weinberg, ‘Hitler’s image of the United States’, American Historical Review, Vol. 69, No. 4, pp. 1006–21
Chapter 46
1 Wendell Willkie quoted in ‘U.S. Nazis Near Air, Sea Battles, Willkie Declares’, Philadelphia Inquirer, 21 October 1941, p. 11
2 Admiral Harold Stark quoted in Patrick Abbazia, Mr. Roosevelt’s Navy (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1976), p. 306
3 Paul Fussell, ‘Writing in Wartime: The Uses of Innocence’, Thank God for the Atom Bomb and Other Essays (New York: Summit, 1989), pp. 53–81, quoted in Nicholas Cull, Selling War (New York & Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), p. 177
4 David D. Lee, Sergeant York (Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 1985), p. 110
5 Cull, Selling War, p. 163
6 Dorothy Thompson to Meyer Weisgal, 28 September 1941, Box 35, ‘Sep – Dec 1941’, Dorothy Thompson Papers
7 SOE Survey of Global Activities, July 1941, HS 7/218
8 Gallup, 17 December 1941 (survey period 15–20 November 1941), ‘Do you think the U.S. will go into the war in Europe sometime before it is over, or do you think we will stay out of the war?’ Would go to war sooner or later with Germany – 85%; Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 6, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, Spring 1942), p. 149
9 OPOR (Roper), 19 November 1941, ‘The biggest job facing this country today is to help defeat the Nazi Government’, Agree – 72%; Gallup, 17 December 1941 (survey period 15–20 November 1941), ‘Which of these two things do you think is the more important – that this country keep out of war, or that Germany be defeated?’ Defeat Germany – 68%; Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 6 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1942), p. 151
10 Gallup, 17 October 1941, ‘In general do you approve or disapprove of President Roosevelt’s foreign policy?’ Approve – 76%; Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 6 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1942), p. 163
11 Cull, Selling War, p. 185
PART FIVE
1 Losses to the end of November 1941 calculated from Donald P. Steury, ‘The Character of the German Naval Offensive’, Timothy J. Runyan & Jan M. Copes (eds), To Die Gallantly (Boulder, CO, San Francisco & Oxford: Westview Press, 1994), pp. 75-94; Data retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_casualties_of_World_War_II#The_Battle_of_Britain_July_1940-May_1941 on 23 March 2019
2 Gallup, 17 December 1941 (survey period 15–20 November 1941), ‘Do you think the U.S. will go into the war in Europe sometime before it is over, or do you think we will stay out of the war?’ Would go to war sooner or later with Germany – 85%; Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 6, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, Spring 1942), p. 149
Chapter 47
1 Donald Stratton with Ken Gire, ‘“This Is No Drill”: A Powerful Firsthand Account of What Really Happened at Pearl Harbor’, Reader’s Digest, retrieved from https://www.rd.com/true-stories/survival/pearl-harbor-firsthand-account/ on 30 November 2018
2 Charles Lindbergh, Diaries, 7 December 1941, Series V, Box 216, Charles A. Lindbergh Papers
3 ‘“Just What Britain Planned For Us” Sen. Nye Declares’, Morning Call, 8 December 1941, p. 7
4 Lindbergh, Diaries, 8 December 1941
5 Ibid.
6 C. P. Trussell, ‘Congress Ready for All-Out Vote’, New York Times, 8 December 1941, p. 6
7 Marc Wortman, 1941 (London: Atlantic), 2017, p. 309
8 Dorothy Thompson quoted in Peter Kurth, American Cassandra (Boston: Little, Brown, 1990), p. 341
9 William Stephenson quoted in H. Montgomery Hyde, The Quiet Canadian (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1962), p. 213
10 SOE Survey of Global Activities, November 1941, HS 7/222
Chapter 48
1 Mark Chadwin, The Hawks of World War II (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1968), p. 265
2 ‘Attack Laid to Hitler by Fight for Freedom’, Courier-Journal (Louisville, KY), 8 December 1941, p. 5
3 ‘Germans Hint Break with US, Fast Aid to Japs’, Brooklyn Daily Eagle, 8 December 1941, p. 2
4 William Donovan to Franklin D. Roosevelt, Folder 123, Record 123, M1642, RG 226; Donovan to Roosevelt, 9 December 1941, Subject File “C”, Box 141, President’s Secretary’s File
5 ‘Axis Aliens Held with Japanese’, New York Times, 10 December 1941, p. 30
6 ‘The President’s Address’, New York Times, 10 December 1941, pp. 1 and 4
7 Ian Kershaw, Fateful Choices (London: Penguin, 2013), p. 416
8 Douglas C. Waller, Wild Bill Donovan (New York: Free Press, 2010), p. 87
9 Thomas Fleming, ‘The Big Leak’, American Heritage, Vol. 38, Issue 8 (December 1987)
10 Stephen Early quoted in Douglas M. Charles, J. Edgar Hoover and the Anti-Interventionists (Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2007), p. 121
Chapter 49
1 Karl Dönitz, Memoirs (London: Cassell, 2000), p. 195
2 Jodl quoted in Thomas Fleming, ‘The Big Leak’, American Heritage, Vol. 38, Issue 8, December 1987
3 Geoffrey P. Megargee, Inside Hitler’s High Command (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2000), p. 137
4 Ian Kershaw, Fateful Choices (London: Penguin, 2013), p. 419
5 Adolf Hitler, Reichstag Speech, 11 December 1941, translated by Mark Weber, retrieved from http://www.ihr.org/jhr/v08/v08p389_Hitler.html on 18 March 2019
6 Ibid.
7 Adolf Hitler quoted in Kershaw, Fateful Choices, p. 411
8 Ernst von Weizsäcker quoted in Gerhard L. Weinberg, ‘Hitler’s image of the United States’, American Historical Review, Vol. 69, No. 4, pp. 1006–21
Chapter 50
1 Washington War Conference, Memorandum, 14 January 1942, CAB 99/17
2 Charlotte Coe Lemann quoted in Marc Wortman, 1941 (London: Atlantic, 2017), p. 332
3 Harry S. Truman quoted in Albin Krebs, ‘William Stephenson, British Spy Known as Intrepid, Is Dead at 93’, New York Times, 3 February 1989, p. 17
Epilogue
1 Douglas C. Waller, Wild Bill Donovan (New York: Free Press, 2010), p. 320
2 Adolf Berle quoted in H. Montgomery Hyde, Secret Intelligence Agent (London: Constable, 1982), p. 179; Berle quoted by Thomas F. Troy in Bill MacDonald, The True Intrepid (Vancouver: Raincoast, 2001), p. 1
3 Ernest Cuneo quoted in Timothy J. Naftali, ‘Intrepid’s Last Deception’, Intelligence and National Security, Vol. 8, Issue 3, 1993, pp. 72–99
4 Nigel West, ‘Fiction, Faction and Intelligence’, Intelligence and National Security, Vol. 19, Issue 2, 2004, pp. 275–89
5 Hugh Trevor-Roper, ‘Review of A Man Called Intrepid: The Secret War by William Stevenson’, The Secret World (New York: I. B. Tauris, 2014), pp. 136–42
6 Maurice Buckmaster quoted in David Stafford, ‘Intrepid: Myth and Reality’, Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 22, Issue 2, April 1987, pp. 303–17
7 Thomas F. Troy in MacDonald, The True Intrepid, p. 6
Afterword
1 Thomas Rid, Tweet, 11 November 2017, retrieved from https://twitter.com/RidT/status/929341523887616000 on 6 February 2018
2 ‘Directorate of Security Coordination in America’, Part III: Special Operations (SOE), HS 7/72
3 Walter Bell interviewed in Bill MacDonald, The True Intrepid (Vancouver: Raincoast, 2001), p. 230
4 Churchill quoted in Martin Gilbert, Churchill and America (London: Free Press, 2005), p. 254
5 Thomas F. Troy in MacDonald, The True Intrepid, p. 5
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* De Wohl’s statement may have planted a seed in the mind of a young Philip Roth, leading many years later to his novel The Plot Against America.
Henry Hemming, Agents of Influence
