The santa claus man, p.29
The Santa Claus Man, page 29
70. Those who paid: “Time Curtain Rises Today,” New-York Tribune, December 21, 1914, 9.
70. . . . lavish detail: “‘Good Little Devil’ Gives Rare Delight,” New York Times, January 9, 1913.
70. He portrayed Chick Hewes: “Illustrated Screen Report: Kick In,” Exhibitor’s Trade Review, December 30, 1922.
70. The actor would later: Michael A. Morrison, John Barrymore, Shakespearean Actor (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997), 51.
71. But on this night: “Even Actors Must Pay,” New-York Tribune.
CHAPTER 5: “ENEMY, DEATH, AND A CHRISTMAS TREE”
72. I expect you: “Fraternizing between the Lines,” New York Times, December 31, 1914.
73. Secretary of the Navy: “Daniels at Odds with the Experts of General Board,” NewYork Tribune, December 11, 1914, 1.
73. Organizations like the: See, for example, an ad in bottom right-hand corner of the New-York Tribune, December 11, 1914, 2.
74. “We cannot: “Making Santa Real to Poor Children,” New York Times, November 2, 1914, C4.
74. After careful consideration: Letter dated October 17, 1914, “Records of the Department of State Relating to World War I and Its Termination, 1914–29” National Archives Microfilm Publications, Roll 282, Microcopy No. 367.
75. “We believe if: “Making Santa Real to Poor Children,” New York Times.
76. “[T]here are some: Washington Irving, The Works of Washington Irving, vol. 1:
Knickerbocker’s New-York (New York: George P. Putnam, 1851), xv.
76. A few days later: Irving, Knickerbocker’s New-York.
76. As promised: Irving, Knickerbocker’s New-York, xvi.
76. . . . strong sales: Andrew Burstein, The Original Knickerbocker: The Life of Washington Irving (New York: Basic Books, 2007), 73.
77. Without Irving: Jones, Saint Nicholas of Myra, Bari, and Manhattan (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978), 344–45.
77. Or, as Irving: Burstein, The Original Knickerbocker, 86.
77. You are good enough: “Santa to Direct Big Peace Prayer,” New-York Tribune, December 7, 1914, 7.
78. In an odd coincidence: “Pope Urges Truce over the Holidays,” New-York Tribune, December 8, 1914, 1.
78. He appealed to: “Hopes for Partial Christmas Truce,” New-York Tribune, December 9, 1914, 2.
78. The Germans responded: “Germany Agrees to Truce for Holidays,” New-York Tribune, December 11, 1914, 2.
78. The same day: “Works Urges Full Export Prohibition Bill—Kenyon Asks Christmas War Truce,” New-York Tribune, December 11, 1914, 2.
78. Andrew Carnegie: “Carnegie Opposes Christmas Truce,” New-York Tribune, December 12, 1914, 2.
78. German captain Rudolph Binding: Stanley Weintraub, Silent Night: The Story of the World War I Christmas Truce (New York: New York University Press, 1994), 40.
78. “[O]ur good friends: “London Paper Piqued Hits Our Unreadiness,” New York Times, December 16, 1914.
78. They called support: “Friends of Trouble,” New York Times, December 17, 1914.
79. Nonetheless, just as: “No Truce, Says Russia,” New York Times, December 12, 1914.
79. . . . imitating a strategy: “The American Red Cross and the First Christmas Seals,” American Red Cross, December 23, 2013, www.redcross.org/news/article/Early-Christmas-Seals-Join-the-Fight-Against-Tuberculosis.
79. “Well-known American: “Making Santa Real to Poor Children,” New York Times.
79. “Do you know: St. Nicholas: An Illustrated Magazine for Young Folks, Vol. XLII, Part I (New York: The Century Co., 1915), 24.
79. . . . Red Cross threatened: “Gifts for 3,000 Children,” New-York Tribune, December 6, 1915.
80. . . . titled Golly: This name was not an expression of the boy’s excitement or surprise at his gifts, as the title would imply today, but a reference to a popular but crudely stereotypical toy from the period. “Golly” was short for “golliwogg,” a cartoonish character of a black man who appeared in children’s books and toys beginning with Florence Kate Upton’s 1895 book Two Dutch Girls and a Golliwog, which coined the term. Mothers made “Golly dolls” from discarded black and white fabric, until they became widely available from toy manufacturers. In 1910, Robertson Jam Company adopted Golly as its mascot, putting the grinning image on its jars and ads (where it would remain until 2002). Although such racist imagery has led to the nearly complete discontinuation of the toys, in 1914, a Golly doll was as popular a Christmas gift as a toy truck or teddy bear.
80. But in December 1914: “Santa Thief Returns Loot,” New York Sun, March 1, 1915, though other reports put the value at $4,500, including the Philadelphia Press.
80. So excited about: “Picture ‘Golly!’ Missing,” New York Times, December 9, 1914.
81. PAINTING taken: “Santa Claus Robbed: Meanest Thief Wanted,” Washington Herald, December 9, 1914.
81. Under the headline: Lorillard Spencer, “Headquarters Notices,” New-York Tribune, December 10, 1914, 11.
82. The blank check: “Santa Claus Complains,” New York Times, December 14, 1914, 3.
82. The Madison Square Park: “City Glows with Festal Day Joys,” New-York Tribune, December 25, 1914.
83. Come, rally round: “Letters from the People: A Christmas Carol,” Hartford Courant, September 22, 1914, 10.
83. Gluck dubbed the song: “A Christmas Carol Free,” Moderator-Topics, November 12, 1914, 246.
83. The reason for the accident: “Santa’s Taxi Wrecked,” New-York Tribune, December 24, 1914, 5.
83. Gluck spent Christmas Eve: “Santa Claus Association Gave Aid to About 50,000,” New York Sun, December 26, 1914.
84. The 1914 season: “Immortal Santa Claus,” Outlook (January 12, 1916): 66.
84. . . . Princess Mary’s Fund: Weintraub, Silent Night, 10.
84. The Germans rolled it: Weintraub, Silent Night, 82–85.
85. They exchanged buttons: Weintraub, Silent Night, 97.
85. “Mr. Gluck . . . : “The Santa Claus Man,” Santa Claus Annual, 1917, 18.
86. It seemed too great: “Fraternizing between the Lines,” New York Times, December 31, 1914.
86. Here is the: “Thief Returns ‘Golly!’ the Santa Claus Picture,” New-York Tribune, March 1, 1915.
87. The note was signed: “Santa Claus Robbed: Meanest Thief Wanted,” Washington Herald.
88. Caught by surprise: “Santa Finds Her Boy,” New-York Tribune, February 15, 1915.
88. “My husband had: “Boy Scouts Find Stolen Baby When All Others Fail,” New York Press, February 15, 1915.
88. He had studied under: The Republican Club of the City of New York, 1911 pamphlet.
88. Over his career: “Joseph M. Kratina, 81, Sculptor, Rodin Pupil,” New York Times, March 29, 1953, 95.
88. He created limited-edition: “Bust of Santa Claus Made from Children’s Letters,” Geyer’s Stationer, April 8, 1915, 70–71.
89. Upon further inspection: “Santa’s Aides Honored,” New-York Tribune, March 19, 1915.
CHAPTER 6: CATHEDRALS OF COMMERCE
90. This is our: John Kennedy Winkler, Five and Ten: The Fabulous Life of F. W. Woolworth (New York: R. M. McBride, 1940), 109.
90. Years had passed: When he did wade into the details of customs work, it was in showier roles, such as organizing a gathering for the Merchant Marine Committee of One Hundred (“Japan Sole Reliance, Says John D. Gluck,” New York American, August 1, 1914) or publishing articles about the weakness of the country’s ocean fleet (John D. Gluck, “Huge Merchant Marine Great Need of U.S. To-Day,” New York American, August 4, 1914).
90. Whatever the reason: “John D. Gluck (#122696),” Old German Files 1909–21, FBI Case Files, 23, hereafter referred to by the case number.
91. This behavior upset: “8 Directors Quit U.S. Boy Scouts,” Sun, February 5, 1915, 6.
91. All proceeds from: Advertisement, Sun, February 7, 1915, 7.
91. McAlpin had asked: Keith Monroe, “When Scouting Battled a Rival,” Scouting (October 1990): 12.
91. Then came the: “Benefit for Boy Scouts,” New York Times, February 4, 1915.
91. “Why could there: “Defends the Drill of U.S. Boy Scout,” New-York Tribune, February 9, 1915, 3.
92. They were told: Monroe, “When Scouting Battled,” 12, 61–62.
92. . . . guarding against English: Daniel Shaw, “Tribeca: On Quiet Streets, the Ghosts of the Washington Market,” New York Magazine (May 4, 1987): 96–98.
92. By 1858: Helen Tangires, Public Markets (New York: W. W. Norton, 2008), 249.
92. Famous visitors: “Celebration of the Reconstructed Washington Market,” souvenir brochure, October 25, 1915.
92. The shoppers: Mark Kurlansky, The Big Oyster: History on the Half Shell (New York: Random House, 2006), 186–91.
93. This made the market: “Christmas Preludes,” New-York Daily Tribune, December 25, 1876, 5.
93. “Here you are: Snyder, December 25th: The Joys of Christmas Past (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1985), 30.
93. “Christmas pervaded: “The Night before Christmas,” Sun, December 25, 1873, 1.
94. In 1851: Alf Evers, The Catskills: From Wilderness to Woodstock (New York: Doubleday, 1972), 442–43.
94. By 1880: Restad, Christmas in America: A History (New York: Longmans, Green, 1956), 111.
94. . . . Moore’s estate: Hilda Regier, “Chelsea,” in The Encyclopedia of New York City, edited by Kenneth T. Jackson (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1995), 209.
95. . . . five slaves: Nissenbaum, The Battle for Christmas (New York: Vintage, 1997), 67.
95. He had published: Benson John Lossing, History of New York City (New York: Perine Engraving, 1884), 445. There remains debate about whether Moore was in fact the author of “A Visit from St. Nicholas.” Don Foster argues in his book Author Unknown (New York: Henry Holt & Company, 2000), that the real author was poet Henry Livingston Jr. whose family claims he had been reciting the poem for fifteen years prior to the date Moore claimed to have devised it. While Foster makes a compelling case, the evidence in favor of Moore’s authorship appears stronger.
95. Upon his marriage: Gerald Del Re, The Story of ’Twas the Night before Christmas (Gretna, La.: Wynwood Press, 1991), 33.
95. When satirizing: Clement Clarke Moore, “The Water Drinker,” in The Poet of Christmas Eve: A Life of Clement Clarke Moore, 1779–1863, edited by Samuel White Patterson, 85 (New York: Morehouse-Gorham, 1956).
95. He also gathered: Duncan Emrich, Folklore on the American Land (New York: Little, Brown, 1972); Restad, Christmas in America, 47–48; Washington Irving, A History of New York, 174. It would be changed to the German Donner and Blitzen in subsequent years.
95. . . . neighbor of Moore’s: “Saint Nicholas and the Origin of Santa Claus,” St. Nicholas Center, 2014, www.stnicholascenter.org/pages/origin-of-santa (accessed November 24).
95. He no doubt: Moore’s father served as a founding member of the New-York Historical Society, so likely owned one of the original broadsheets.
95. “A portly, rubicund: Joseph Jackson, “‘The Night before Christmas’: Its Author and Legend,” World’s Work (December 1912): 158.
96. As his wife prepared: “‘Twas the Night before Christmas, 190 years ago, that an iconic poem was written in Chelsea,” The Bowery Boys, December 24, 2012, http://theboweryboys.blogspot.com/2012/12/twas-night-before-christmas-190-years.html.
96. . . . could appreciate: Patterson, The Poet of Christmas Eve, 1–7.
96. This friend then: Patterson, The Poet of Christmas Eve, 17–18.
96. The poem exhibited: Patterson, The Poet of Christmas Eve, 123.
96. Less charitable: Jones, Saint Nicholas of Myra, Bari, and Manhattan (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978), 348–49.
97. As New Yorkers: “Our August Markets,” Sun, August 7, 1878, 2.
97. One story headlined: “Ugly Spots in Gotham That Might Be Removed,” New-York Tribune, June 16, 1907, 46.
97. . . . “[T]here are few: “Dirty and Costly Marketing,” New-York Tribune, December 29, 1879, 4.
98. . . . “filthy disgrace: “Dirty and Costly Marketing,” New-York Tribune.
98. . . . “like a miniature: “Celebration to Open New Washington Market,” Sun, October 24, 1915, 6.
98. Perhaps most transformative: “Reopening of New York’s Most Famous Market,” National Provisioner (October 30, 1915): 40.
98. Initially slated for: “Merchants Rebel at Market Plans,” New York Times, October 7, 1914, 6.
99. As he strolled: “Weather Forecast,” Sun, November 25, 1913, 13.
99. In full view: “Murder Merchant and Escape in Auto,” New York Times, November 25, 1914, 1.
99. In December, authorities: “Ten Men Caught in Baff Murder,” New York Times, December 17, 1914, 1, 6.
100. So Gluck looked on: “Washington Market Ready,” New York Times, October 4, 1915, 6.
100. “Old Washington Market: “Old Washington Market to Reopen This Week in New $116,000 Suit of Tiles and Concrete,” New-York Tribune, October 4, 1915, 5.
101. He mustered all: “Reopening of New York’s Most Famous Market,” National Provisioner.
101. Listen, listen, listen: “Washington Market to Have a Rousing Opening,” Sun,
October 18, 1915, 4.
103. Gluck (or whomever: Walter Thornbury, Old and New London, A Narrative of Its History, Its People and Its Places, vol. 1 (London: Cassell, Petter & Galpin, 1873). Tufts Digital Library, http://dl.tufts.edu/catalog/tei/tufts:UA069.005.DO.00062/chapter/c30.
104. Mayor John Purroy Mitchel: “Washington Mart, Rebuilt, Reopens,” New York Times, October 26, 1915.
104. But the sale: Larry D. Griffin, “Christmas Decorations,” in The Guide to United States Popular Culture, edited by Ray Broadus Browne and Pat Browne, 170 (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2001).
104. In 1880: Plunkett-Powell, Remembering Woolworth’s (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1999), 45–50.
105. After a trip: “Christmas Decorations for Seven Generations,” Woolworths Museum, www.woolworthsmuseum.co.uk/xmasdecs.htm (accessed June 6, 2014); Restad, 126.
105. “For good or ill: Plunkett-Powell, Remembering Woolworth’s, 2, 166–74.
105. Gift giving began: James D. McCabe, Lights and Shadows of New York Life (Philadelphia: National Publishing, 1872), 577.
105. While the feasts: Leigh Eric Schmidt, Consumer Rites: The Buying and Selling of American Holidays (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1995), 129.
106. Woolworth bought up: Plunkett-Powell, Remembering Woolworth’s, 87.
106. “55-story building: “55-Story Building Opens on a Flash,” New York Times, April 25, 1913, 20.
106. He had provided: “Changes at the Top Following the Death of Frank Woolworth,” Woolworths Museum, www.woolworthsmuseum.co.uk/1910s-changes_at_the_top.html (accessed February 2, 2015).
106. The executive had: Santa Claus Annual, 1927, 21.
CHAPTER 7: CHILD WONDERLAND
108. Mr. Gluck bids: “The Santa Claus Association . . . ,” New York American, December 10, 1915.
108. From here he: “Santa’s New York Office Is Like the North Pole,” Evening Post, December 6, 1916.
108. . . . Gluck borrowed the: “Features of New York’s Celebration of Christmas Season,” Philadelphia Press, December 27, 1915. The following year it would be loaned to the Frederick Loeser & Co. department store in Brooklyn, which would promote the “Special Exhibit of a Bust of Santa Claus” in its holiday ads. Advertisement, Brooklyn Daily Eagle, December 15, 1916, 13.
108. Some forty new: “Women to Aid Santa,” Brooklyn Times, December 12, 1915.
108. These women oversaw: The Santa Claus Association Inc., January 1, 1916, 4–11.
109. The group’s volunteer leaders: “No Giddy Broilers of Sixty Can Boss This Santa’s Shop,” Evening Mail, December 17, 1915.
110. “Call and see: Print ad, St. Nicholas Magazine, December 1915.
111. In addition to: “This Santa Wants Help,” Evening World, December 13, 1915.
111. On December 8: “Santa Has Branch Here,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle, December 9, 1915.
111. The proprieto,r A. G. Wegge: “Santa Claus to Be Busy in All Parts of Brooklyn.” New York World (scrapbook).
111. Gluck claimed: “Former Westfield Boy Now Plays Santa Claus,” The Standard, December 24, 1915.
111. F. May Simpson: “How Would You Like to Be a Santa Claus?” Toronto Daily News, November 18, 1915.
112. Omaha introduced: “‘Puss Puss’ Company at Gayety Is to Aid Santa Claus Association,” Omaha Daily News, December 12, 1915.
112. The Charleston, South Carolina: “Santa Claus Assistants,” Charleston Post, December 16, 1915 and December 21, 1915.
112. Gluck announced: “4,000 Children Write Santa Claus,” New York Press. 29 Nov. 1915: 12.
112. Although he asserted: “Santa Claus Prepares Dead Letter Answers,” Brooklyn Standard Union, December 9, 1915.
112. Specifically, the group: “Santa Claus Wants 50,000 2-Cent Stamps,” New York Globe, December 10, 1915.
112. “[W]hile no begging: “Santa Claus $3,000 in Debt,” New-York Tribune, December 19, 1915.
112. “What are you going: “Money Embargo on Santa’s Mail,” Brooklyn Times, December 15, 1915.
113. . . . They would pay the postage: “P.O. Men Aid Santa,” Brooklyn Times, December 13, 1915.
113. By Christmas Eve: “Cheered Xmas for Many,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle, December 25, 1915.
113. A boy named: “No Giddy Broilers of Sixty Can Boss This Santa’s Shop,” Evening Mail.
114. . . . hotel’s Grand Ballroom: Henry C. Brown, New York of To-Day (New York: Old Colony Press, 1917), 241.
114. Women filled the box: Photo and caption, in Santa Claus Annual, 1918, 7–8.
114. The attendees then: “The Theatre Assembly . . . ,” New York American, December 18, 1915.
114. The daughter: United States Census 1910.
114. Eager to follow: “Reflections,” New York Dramatic Mirror, February 7, 1912, 10.
115. Her statement in: The 1916 Vassarian (Poughkeepsie, N.Y.: Vassar College, 1916). Ancestry.com, U.S. School Yearbooks database.
